Otto Freundlich (1878 – 1943) was a German painter and sculptor known for his admiration of cubism and his association with the constructive art movement. Constructive art, unlike abstract art, does not reject the presence of nature. Instead, it acknowledges nature as a predetermined force. From birth to growth, decay, and death, nature follows a cyclical pattern. However, constructive art seeks to challenge this cycle and break free from nature’s determinism. Although its forms may appear abstract, they actually represent the human consciousness in a different perspective. Constructive art symbolizes human beings as part of an ongoing evolutionary process, illustrating the interconnectedness of life. The fluidity of forms in constructive art signifies a piece of something greater, a continuous progression governed by reason and objective understanding of life and human essence. Freundlich’s work, influenced by constructive art principles, embodies these concepts and encourages viewers to perceive humanity beyond the constraints of nature’s fate.
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For your research, here is a list of artists known to belong to the constructive art movement:
Joaquin Torres Garcia
Spanish, 1874 – 1949
Aleksandra Ekster
Ukrainian, 1882 – 1949
Vadym Meller
Ukrainian, 1884 – 1962
Janos Mattis-Teutsch
Hungarian, 1884 – 1960
Vladimir Tatlin
Russian, 1885 – 1953
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
German, 1886 – 1969
Lajos Kassak
Hungarian, 1887 – 1967
Josef Albers
German, 1888 – 1976
Oskar Schlemmer
German, 1888 – 1943
Sophie Taeuber-Arp
Swiss, 1889 – 1943
Lyubov Popova
Russian, 1889 – 1924
Peter Laszlo Peri
British, 1889 – 1967
Naum Gabo
Russian, 1890 – 1977
Carl Buchheister
German, 1890 – 1964
Vytautas Kairiukstis
Lithuanian, 1890 – 1961
El Lissitzky
Russian, 1890 – 1941
Erich Buchholz
German, 1891 – 1972
Alexander Rodchenko
Russian, 1891 – 1956
Emilio Pettoruti
1892 – 1971
Sandor Bortnyik
Hungarian, 1893 – 1976
Henryk Stazewski
Polish, 1894 – 1988
Vasyl Yermylov
Ukrainian, 1894 – 1968
Henryk Berlewi
French, 1894 – 1967
M. H. Maxy
1895 – 1971
Anatol Petrytsky
Ukrainian, 1895 – 1964
Alexander Khvostenko-Khvostov
Russian, 1895 – 1968
Marcel Janco
1895 – 1984
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
Hungarian, 1895 – 1946
Katarzyna Kobro
Russian, 1898 – 1951
Anni Albers
American, 1899 – 1994
Anton Prinner
Hungarian, 1902 – 1983
Richard Paul Lohse
Swiss, 1902 – 1988
José Pedro Costigliolo
Uruguayan, 1902 – 1985
Burgoyne Diller
American, 1906 – 1965
György Kepes
Hungarian, c.1906 – c.2001
Petre Otskheli
Georgian, 1907 – 1937
Edgar Negret
Colombian, 1920 – 2012
Ramirez Villamizar
Colombian, 1922 – 2004
Oswaldo Vigas
Venezuelan, 1923 – 2014
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